Ion-Neutral Collisions in the Interstellar Medium: Wave Damping and Elimination of Collisionless Processes

Most phases of the interstellar medium contain neutral atoms in addition to ions and electrons. This introduces differences in plasma physics processes in those media relative to the solar corona and the solar wind at a heliocentric distance of 1 astronomical unit. In this paper, we consider two well-diagnosed, partially-ionized interstellar plasmas. The first is the Warm Ionized Medium (WIM) which is probably the most extensive phase in terms of volume. The second is the gas of the Local Clouds of the Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM). Ion-neutral interactions seem to be important in both media. In the WIM, ion-neutral collisions are relatively rare, but sufficiently frequent to damp magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves (as well as propagating MHD eddies) within less than a parsec of the site of generation. This result raises interesting questions about the sources of turbulence in the WIM. In the case of the VLISM, the ion-neutral collision frequency is higher than that in the WIM, because the hydrogen is partially neutral rather than fully ionized. We present results showing that prominent features of coronal and solar wind turbulence seem to be absent in VLISM turbulence. For example, ion temperature does not depend on ion mass. This difference may be due to ion-neutral collisions, which distribute power from more effectively heated massive ions such as iron to other ion species and neutral atoms.