MRI of the female and male pelvis: current and future applications of contrast enhancement

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis has proven to be a most valuable diagnostic tool to examine pathologies of various organ systems in the pelvis. For most conditions MRI was found to be superior to other imaging modalities, like ultrasound and computed tomography. Controversy still exists on the value of intraluminal and intravenous contrast enhancement. This article gives an overview on currently available intraluminal and intravenous contrast agents. The techniques and results for contrast-enhanced MRI in the female and male pelvis are discussed based on a review of the literature. New developments and upcoming techniques, such as lymph node specific contrast agents and breathhold volumetric MRI, are described and initial results are presented