Characterization of the 2p x-ray photoelectron spectra of first row transition metal element compounds

The x-ray photoelectron spectra of the 2p shell of transition metal halides, pseudohalides, cyanides, and other complexes are studied. The data, together with literature data, are compiled to give an overall view of the phenomenon of satellite structure. Effects of varying the ligand, central metal atom, and charge on the central metal atom are analyzed. The data are explained on the basis of a charge transfer model where a ligand sigma(e/sub g/) electron is transferred into a metal 3d(e/sub g/) orbital. This corresponds to a sigma(e/sub g/) → sigma*(e/sub g/) or 2e/sub g/ yields 3e/sub g/ transition in molecular orbital terminology. Intensities of the satellites were found to be dependent upon the type of ligand and the energy spacing between the two e/sub g/ sets. A discussion of d0 systems is included with some spectral data from compounds of second and third row transition metal elements and lanthanides. 8 tables