Side effects and complications of yttrium-90 radioembolization therapy for hepatic malignancies: A series review of radioembolization with ⁹⁰Y microspheres (part V)

Radioembolization with yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) microspheres is an alternative treatment choice for hepatic malignancies and has become incorporated into guidelines by many international oncology and other professional organizations. The tumoricidal effects of radioembolization are predominantly derived from its radioactivity rather than ischemia. Therefore, the overall side effects that have been associated with this therapy, such as fatigue, nausea and vomiting, which are mild but common. Occasionally, severe complications may occur due to incidental embolization of non-target tissue by the[90]Y microspheres. This review describes in detail the manifestation of side effects and various complications that may be associated with radioembolization using[90]Y microspheres. Management and treatment options of these potential adverse events will also be discussed briefly. (authors)