Imaging of the normal and pathological orbit

Computerized techniques (CT and MRI) allow precise delineation of orbital anatomy and abnormalities. Orbital tumors are nicely depicted by these methods; various examples are illustrated in this article, with discussion of the respective impact of CT and MRI. Orbital inflammation and foreign bodies usually represent radiologic emergencies, prompting use of CT (frequently) or MRI (occasionally). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indicated for diagnosis of vascular changes (mainly carotid-cavernous fistula, aneurysms, angiomas, Rendu-Osler disease). Angiography is usually done to ascertain the possibility of an interventional procedure. Orbital vascular interventions include re-canalization of occluded vessels, and embolization of pathologic (tumorous or post-traumatic) vessels. (orig.)