A novel spectral beam splitting photovoltaic/thermal hybrid system based on semi-transparent solar cell with serrated groove structure for co-generation of electricity and high-grade thermal energy

Highlights: • Semi-transparent solar cell with serrated groove structure for SBS is proposed. • Idea of using a single piece of PV to regulate full solar spectrum is proposed. • Semi-transparent solar cell-based SBS PV/CST system is experimentally studied. • Feasibility of such novel system is validated by indoor and outdoor experiments. • The utilization efficiency of the full-spectrum solar energy can reach 77%. Semi-transparent solar cells can be used for spectral beam splitting (SBS) in which short-wavelength photons are converted to electricity and long-wavelength photons are transmitted to thermal absorbers. However, these thermal absorbers can only produce low-grade thermal energy because the semi-transparent solar cell cannot concentrate long-wavelength photons. In this study, based on the idea of regulating the radiation field to match the energy conversion on-demand, the strategy to use a single piece of photovoltaic (PV) to regulate the photon capture of the full solar spectrum for realizing the co-generation of electricity and high-grade thermal energy is proposed. A semi-transparent solar cell with a serrated groove structure at the bottom is designed and fabricated. The cell can convert 400–800 nm wavelength photons to electricity, and focus 800–2500 nm wavelength photons to a small spot to produce high-temperature thermal energy. A novel α-Si thin-film semi-transparent solar cell-based SBS hybrid photovoltaic/concentrated solar thermal system is established. The feasibility of the system is validated through indoor and outdoor experiments. The utilization efficiency of the full-spectrum solar energy can reach 77%. The high average concentrated irradiance of up to 4.31 KW/m² transmitted through the semi-transparent solar cells is sufficient for high-temperature thermal utilization.