On the history of nuclear energy

After a philosophical introduction about crucial steps in the development of mankind, a survey is given of the scientific developments that led to the controlled release of nuclear energy. These developments culminated in the first man-made nuclear reactor, created under the guidance of Enrico Fermi. The ensuing 50 years of technical evolution are sketched on the basis of a division into five decades; the salient features of each decade are indicated. Finally, a few remarks are made about the challenges of the present period and perspectives of nuclear energy as an indispensable energy option for a sustainable world. (author)