Numerical modeling of reinforced-concrete bond

A review of the problem of modeling bond stiffness of reinforced concrete is presented. Based on this review, the need to model the interaction at the local level is identified. A heuristic local constitutive description for the concrete reinforcement interface is proposed and implemented within a finite element formulation. The steel is considered as an elasto-plastic material and concrete as an elasto-plastic cracking material. Results using this general constitutive descriptions for different problems are shown and compared with experiments. (orig.)