New View of the QCD Phase Diagram

Quarkyonic matter is confining but can have densities much larger than 3QCD. Its existence isargued in the large Nc limit of QCD and implies that there are at least three phases of QCD with greatly different bulk properties. These are a Confined Phase of hadrons, a Deconfined Phase of quarks and gluons, and the Quarkyonic Phase. In the Quarkyonic Phase, the baryon density isaccounted for by a quasi-free gas of quarks, and the the antiquarks and gluons are confined intomesons, glueballs. Quarks near the Fermi surface also are treated as baryons. (In addition to these phases, there is a color superconducting phase that has vastly different transport properties than the above, but with bulk properties, such as pressure and energy density, that are not greatly different than that of Quarkyonic Matter.)