Addressing computer security threats: The evolution of the IAEA's assistance programme

The shift to digitally networked societies, where daily activities are interlinked with the help of computer-based systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies, is having a huge impact on nuclear safety and security. The essential role of digital technologies in maintaining safety and security functions at facilities handling nuclear material or other radioactive material cannot be overstated. The need for addressing computer security threats, malicious cyberattacks and any potential vulnerabilities that digital technologies may introduce, as well as the importance of computer security for nuclear security, was first identified in a nuclear security resolution adopted by the IAEA's General Conference at its 55th regular session in 2011. It noted the IAEA's efforts "to raise awareness of the growing threat of cyber attacks and their potential impact on nuclear security". This resolution also encouraged the IAEA to develop appropriate guidance documents, provide training courses, and host further expert meetings specific to cyber security at nuclear facilities to assist countries in protecting themselves against cyberattacks.