Radiation synthesis of gelatin/CM-chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

A series of biodegradable composite scaffolds was fabricated from an aqueous solution of gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chitosan) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) by radiation-induced crosslinking at ambient temperature. Ultrasonic treatment on the polymer solutions significantly influenced the distribution of β-TCP particles. An ultrasonic time of 20 min, followed by 30 kGy irradiation induced a crosslinked scaffold with homogeneous distribution of β-TCP particles, interconnected porous structure, sound swelling capacity and mechanical strength. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction analysis indicated that β-TCP successfully incorporated with the network of gelatin and CM-chitosan. In vivo implantation of the scaffold into the mandible of beagle dog revealed that the scaffolds had excellent biocompatibility and the presence of β-TCP can accelerate bone regeneration. The comprehensive results of this study paved way for the application of gelatin/CM-chitosan/β-TCP composite scaffolds as candidate of bone tissue engineering material. - Highlights: ► Radiation induced a crosslinked scaffold with interconnected porous structure. ► Ultrasonic time of 20 min led to homogenerously distribution of β-TCP. ► Increasing amount of β-TCP would restrict the swelling properties. ► Proper fraction of β-TCP will promote the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. ► Hybrid of β-TCP promoted the bone regeneration of the mandibles of beagle dogs.