Correction of anomalies caused by gamma radiation in onion and wheat seeds with preparations of pomegranate peel

Studying the regularities of genetic stability in plants is of fundamental and applied importance. First of all, it is important to make predictions about the future as a result of the radiation of these different plant species and to preserve their gene pool. Changes by ionizing radiation in the environment have caused the increase of various genetic diseases as a result of DNA damage in the genome of living organisms and the transmission of this damage from generation to generation. Studying the regulation mechanism of changes in the structure of chromosomes is one of the problems facing science. One way to solve this problem is to find new protectors and test their effectiveness. The fact that the pomegranate peel is rich in vitamins and contains more vitamin C indicates the effectiveness of this substance. Therefore, there is a need for extensive study of the radioprotective properties of this substance. For this purpose, onion and wheat seeds were irradiated in the ''Rukhund'' (Cobalt 60) unit at a dose rate of 0.5-1 g/min. Used pomegranate extract obtained from pomegranate peel, waste and leaves. In order to study the effect of ionizing radiation on genetic instability in the first generation, onion and wheat seeds were kept in pomegranate extract as a modifier for 12 hours before irradiation, and then they were dried and irradiated with 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy, then the seeds were germinated and cut into 1 and 1.5 cm lengths, the anaphase stage of mitosis in the meristematic cells was observed under a microscope. It has been established that the pomegranate extract studied for the first time has the ability to reduce the effect of gamma radiation. Variations (aberrations) in the structure of chromosomes at the stages of early and late anaphase were studied. Along with gene mutations, spontaneous chromosomal and chromatid mutations occur in irradiated cells, which are characteristic of the normal life of a plant organism. This new protector has a high stabilizing effect, reduces the rate of free radical chain reactions formed in the cell due to exposure to stressors, and significantly reduces the structural variation of chromosomes in the genetic apparatus, so it can be assumed that it leads to an increase in reliable adaptive resistance of cell genome. Variation in the structure of the chromosome causes breaks in DNA and changes in the protein molecule. Therefore, we think that pomegranate extract has the ability to regulate this process. Thus, when we tested the parameters of the yield of chromosomal aberrations in the root meristems of wheat and onion seeds, we determined that the processing of seeds with pomegranate peel extract leads to a sufficient decrease in the yield of chromosomal aberrations during gamma irradiation, which indicates the radioprotective properties of the preperation.