Void fluctuation effects in radiation interrogation of voided liquids

The spatial and time variations of voids in two-phase-flow systems are shown to result in an error in the void fraction deduced from radiation transmission measurements. This error is large when the void in the beam is small and it increases with the amplitude of the fluctuation in some systems. It also increases with the degree of non-uniformity of the void distribution and the channel thickness but it is reduced when the void grows periodically with time. (author)