Some aspects of influence of radioactive poluution on vegetative communities of Apsheron

Full text: Absheron represents unique natural ecological reserve where there is a wide spectrum of various kinds of plants. A variety of vegetative kinds is determined first of all by ecological conditions in which grow, conditions in which evolution proceeds and disappear separate kinds of plants. Influence of natural, and stressful factors, such as the strong drought, soil salinity, big solar radiation and gale-force winds, for many centuries have generated on Apsheron vegetative communities, with high stability against various stresses. And uniqueness of flora Apsheron consists in the big biovariety of flora and occurrence of vegetative communities such as xerophits, mezophits, gigrophits and giarophits. They meet both in desert, and in mountain heights and in a coastal zone of Caspian sea of Apsheron. On a specific variety makes about 22 percent from the common number kinds of plants growing in Azerbaijan. Among them there are rare, disappearing, relic kinds and endemics. However progressing deterioration of ecological situation as over all Azerbaijan, and in particular on Apsheron, caused by climatic cataclysms, anthropogenous factors, accumulation of radionuclids, heavy metals, erosion, salinity etc. Occurrence polluted with radionuclids zones on Apsheron, basically are connected to development of hydrocarbonic stocks (petroleum and gas) and, as consequence, an output on a surface radioactive isotopes, chisel waters from oil wells, a lining of gas-oil pipelines. As have shown our researches, on Apsheron peninsula the most polluted territories which radioactive background reaches from 6-400 μR/h are revealed. It is most radioactive the polluted sites were found out in territories with a rich network of the oil-extracting and oil refining enterprises and in territory of petrochemical factories. In vegetative and soil samples activity of such natural radionuclids as E 40, An 228, Pb 214, Tl 208 were 38,3 - 2089; 17,16 - 756,9; 8,7 - 4793; 3,19 - 263 Bq/kg accordingly. Higher accumulative properties of plants were revealed under the relation radionuclids 40E, 228An. So, for example, activity 40E in plants in relation to its activity in ground sometimes was at 5-10 times more. In works of colleagues from our laboratory it was shown, what even little changes of a radiating background can affect both on morphological, and genetic features of a plant. And at involving the plants which have saved up certain amount of radionuclids, in trophic communications a soil plant - an agricultural animal - human, agricultural plants - human, sea bioflora - the elementary - a fish - human environmental radioactive contamination directly can influence on population and to begin the reason of an internal irradiation. Thus, further the received data on radioactive pollution, migration of radionuclids in system soil - a vegetative cover, will allow to draw a conclusion on laws and dynamics of changes of rhythmic, cyclic processes of radioecological conditions of Apsheron