Energy transition: a moment of tough choices

The objective of this text is to provide a synthesis of ideas developed by the Energy and Sustainable Development Group of the Jean Jaures Foundation during the three previous years, and also to draw perspectives. The author thus discusses the objectives initially defined by former President Hollande, i.e. the objective of phasing out nuclear for electricity, the objective of phasing out oil for transports, the development of energy sobriety through a management of energy demand and housing renewal, the struggle against energy poverty, and the continuing search for to-morrow's energies. The author outlines that the debate on energy transition did not clarify stakes, outlines the climate imperative of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the role of the industrial policy and of the public service. In the next part, with references to published texts, the authors addresses and discusses stakes of energy transition at the European scale, the management of carbonated demand and usages, and the development of a diversified productive and modernised system.