New Properties of Nuclei: Signals from Kaons, Quarks And α - Scattering

Three different signals from the intermediate energy range (IE) (coming from kaons, quarks, and α - particles) are presented to account for the new properties of nuclei. First, we fixed the famous discrepancy of the unconventional behavior of the K+ meson interaction with nuclei (e.g. 12C and 40Ca) in the energy region E ≤ 1 GeV to be in the ranges (6.5 % - 12 %) and (3.7 % - 7 %) respectively. We used Glauber theory corrected with higher-order noneikonal (NE) corrections and two-body short range correlations (CO) between target nucleons taking into account their full Fermi motion (F). This phenomenon is interpreted as a possible EMC-type effect at this soft IE nuclear reactions. Secondly, we found a convinced physical explanation for the large-angle diffraction pattern of the IE α - particle scattering from nuclei where the results are sensitive to the details of the real part of the nominal optical potential. We have showed, using also higher-order NE corrections of Wallace, that the simple picture of the optical model is no longer valid since the effective imaginary part is rather a complicated function of both the real and imaginary parts of the nominal used optical potential. In addition, it was confirmed the possibility of observing a bright interior in the nucleus due to the drastic decrease found in the imaginary part of the 'effective' optical potential in the central region of the nucleus where the mean free path of α - particle becomes more larger than in the surface domain. Third, it was shown the impossibility to explain the charge form factor behavior of nuclei in the whole measured region of the momentum transfer using only the nucleonic channel, and an existence of multiquark systems in nuclei is necessary to enhance these form factors