Role of copper on Laves phase morphology in 9-12%Cr steels

In this work the Laves phase was found to appear in two different morphologies, namely granular shapes and in an elongated shape. No difference in crystallography could be detected between these morphologies. The Laves phase was only observed in its elongated form in Cu-containing steels, where it was the primary morphology present after short term ageing. After long term ageing, the elongated Laves phase was replaced by the granular morphology. It is speculated that Cu precipitates act as nucleation sites for the elongated Laves phase, resulting in an unstable orientation relationship with the matrix, an in the meta-stable elongated morphology of Laves phase precipitates. (paper)