An efficient quantum identity authentication key agreement protocol without entanglement

Quantum identity authentication key agreement (QIAKA) protocols are designed to allow two nodes to establish a secure secret key when they require few resources, such as a few shared secret bits, and it is technologically feasible. However, the existing studies have two main flaws: they divided quantum identity authentication and key agreement into two realms to research, not integrated them. On the other side, the existing quantum identity authentication has many safety loopholes with inefficiency. In this paper, we firstly devise a quantum identity authentication key agreement protocol without entanglement to improve the efficiency and wipe out any node to know the session key expect the involved parties. In our proposed protocol, through revising the mode and parameters, both the security and efficiency are improved greatly. Furthermore, the short shared secret key is dynamic change at the end of the proposed protocol. Compared with the related literature recently, our proposed scheme can not only own high efficiency and unique functionality, but is also robust to various attacks and the security proof is suitable for the single-state QIAKA protocol.