Area detectors for X-ray spectroscopy

Area detectors greatly increase the efficiency of data acquisition in spectroscopic applications. The operating principles, advantages and limitations of two types of detectors system are described. They are the microchannel plate (MCP) with resistive anode readout, and the silicon charged-coupled-device (CCD), both with and without MCP enhancement. The linearity, size, resolution, quantum efficiency, noise specifications, stability, and uniformity of response are discussed. Data acquisition electronics are described briefly. The use of the devices is illustrated with applications to electron and soft X-ray spectroscopy. (orig.)