Monthly and annual trends in geomagnetic--solar phenomena; a verification of the Sun's internal meridional circulation. Bulletin No. 142

Those geomagnetic phenomena that are related to solar events and the sunspot cycle are considered. Further indirect evidence is presented that the secular meridional circulation at the top of the solar convection zone, just below the photosphere, is everywhere directed towards the equator, such circulation giving rise to a variety of photospheric phenomena associated with the two migrating magnetic helices (toroids) of each hemisphere. The butterfly diagram of sunspot migration, e.g., corresponds to a material fluid velocity. Monthly means of the geomagnetic field components at selected terrestrial observatories, for all days and for the five international quiet (IQ) days or 10 local guiet days of each month, are compared with the sunspot relative number (R), daily planetary amplitude (Ap), solar flux, sunspot area, auroral electroject index (AE), and daily ranges of the field components, for the time interval from 1945 to 1965. The meridional circulation of the magnetic helices is a major unifying feature. M regions on the photosphere are precisely located directly above the breaches in these helices by the streams of corpuscles that flow through them. 4 figures