Cross sections for nuclide production in 1 GeV proton-irradiated 208Pb

We measure 114 nuclide-production cross sections for an isotopically enriched 208Pb target bombarded with 1.0 GeV protons. The cross sections are determined using direct γ spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The cross sections are compared to another experiment which used γ spectrometry with a natural Pb target; our results average 7.5% less for nuclides measured in common. They are also compared to a kinematically inverse reaction of 1 GeV/nucleon 208Pb interacting with a hydrogen target; we find our results average 15% higher than those for (a different set of) common nuclides. We find there is a systematic discrepancy between the cross sections found from the two very different experimental techniques. We also compare our measurements to eight different models. We find most are fairly reliable in predicting cross sections for nuclides not too far away in mass from Pb, but differ greatly in their reliability for nuclides in the deep-spallation and fission mass regions. In the spallation region (A > or approx. 155), the CEM2K code, which includes an intranuclear cascade, followed by a preequilibrium stage, leading finally to equilibrium decay, gives the best representation of our data. In the center of the fission/fragmentation mass region, the INUCL code is the most accurate. INUCL includes the same basic ingredients of cascade, preequilibrium, and evaporation, but differs considerably in details. It also contains a comprehensive fission model, which is lacking in CEM2K. No simulation code tested is reliable for the entire mass range of nuclides measured