Nutation-based longitudinal-sensing protocols for high-field NMR with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Nitrogen-vacancy ($N$-$V$) centers in diamond enable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples at the nano- and microscale. However, at typical tesla-scale NMR magnetic field strengths, $N$-$V$–NMR protocols become difficult to implement due to the challenge of driving fast $N$-$V$ pulse sequences sensitive to nuclear Larmor frequencies above a few megahertz. We perform simulations and theoretical analysis of the experimental viability of $N$-$V$ NMR at tesla-scale magnetic fields using a measurement protocol called DRACAERIS (Double Rewound ACquisition Amplitude Encoded Radio Induced Signal). DRACAERIS detects the longitudinal magnetization of the NMR sample at a much lower driven Rabi frequency, more suitable technically for $N$-$V$ detection. We discuss how pulse errors, finite pulse lengths, and nuclear spin-spin couplings affect the resulting NMR spectra. We find that DRACAERIS is less susceptible to pulse imperfections and off-resonance effects than previous protocols for longitudinal magnetization detection. We also identify reasonable parameters for experimental implementation.