Development of a benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index for large semiwadeable rivers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA

To meet the objective of protecting water quality standards outlined in the US Clean Water Act, many agencies and organizations have created standardized biological assessment methods to evaluate aquatic ecosystem integrity. However, few Mid-Atlantic states have assessment methods specifically designed for rivers with drainage areas ≥ 2600 km². Most rivers in this region fall into a semiwadeable category, where both wadeable and nonwadeable biological collection methods are difficult to implement. Additionally, these rivers often transcend state boundaries, which hinder consistent assessment determinations between states. Consequently, we developed a benthic macroinvertebrate assessment tool using a modified wadeable collection method for large semiwadeable rivers that can be used across state lines. Our results indicate that the two multimetric indices we developed (summer and autumn) are uniquely effective at distinguishing between least disturbed and stressed environmental conditions.