Key issues in fuel cycle options

Full text: In securing a sustainable and secure energy source for the future, the role of the fuel cycle is key. Whilst much work is being undertaken into the way forward for the next generation of reactor systems, less focus has historically been given to the necessity for a optimised approach to the whole fuel cycle. Two specific technologies offer the prospect of a sufficiently flexible fuel cycle for the future; advanced aqueous and pyrochemical flowsheets. This talk will examine current advances made in these technical areas and how they fit in with the 6 important factors for optimising a fuel cycle. Issues such as the need for proliferation resistance, cost reduction, effluent and waste minimisation will be considered. Other important factors are the prospects of reducing the radiotoxicity of high level waste and of maximising the energy potential in fuel. The role of the two fuel cycle technologies in these aims will be reviewed. Whilst these technical factors must be considered, the issue of public acceptability must play a larger role than has historically been the case. The nuclear industry has a prime responsibility to engage with and inform the public debate. This role is not of lesser importance but is equal to the technical development role which the industry has. With the development of new reactor systems, a holistic approach to fuel recycle and waste management is needed. This must be developed alongside the new reactors. Generation IV has a key role to play in this. The need for fuel cycle return in the future and it is a combination of technologies - evolution plus revolution - that will be the way to an optimised fuel cycle in the future. (author)