Systematics of the fragmentation cross section for 1-3 GeV proton induced spallation reactions

We investigate the systematics of fragmentation reactions induced by 1-3 GeV protons. A liquid-gas phase-transition model is adopted to represent the fragmentation cross sections for both the mass distributions and the kinetic energy spectra. This model uses the nuclear temperature, which can be estimated by the excitation-energy distribution after the cascade process. The magnitude of the fragmentation cross section is determined by the use of an adjustable parameter. Systematics of heavy-ion-induced fragmentation reactions are also analyzed by the liquid-gas phase-transition model, but the cross sections for these reactions are not completely related to the experimental data of the proton-induced fragmentation reaction. This model is coded as a subroutine set, and incorporated into the high energy transport code HETC. (author)