MR imaging findings in mesial temporal sclerosis

Hippocampal sclerosis (or mesial temporal sclerosis, MTS) is the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It is characterised by neuron loss and subsequent gliosis, which predominantly affects the hippocampus and amygdala. However, MTS often also extends to other temporomesial areas such as the entorhinal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. Precise localisation and pathological classification are crucial, especially before neurosurgical epilepsy interventions. There are surgical treatment options, especially for epilepsy that cannot be controlled with medication.