Nuclear halo and its scaling laws in the excited states of nuclei near the β-stability line

The excited states of some odd A nuclei near the stability line have been systematically investigated from light to intermediate mass with the spherical relativistic mean field (RMF) model. The ratio between the valence nucleon root-mean-square (RMS) radius and the core rms radius, the separation energy and the density distribution have been deduced as signatures for halo or skin structure. We have presented the scaling laws of the ratio of valence particle rms radii and square-potential radii versus the scaled separation energies. The probability for a valence particle being out of the binding potential has also been extracted. We proposed a relaxed necessary condition for nuclear halo occurrence. (author)