Covered stent treatment for arterial complications after pancreatic surgery. Risk assessment for recurrence and peri-stent implantation management

To explore the risk factors for recurrence of arterial complications after pancreatectomy during the period of covered stent implantation and to provide some opinions on peri-stent implantation management. Data on patients implanted with covered stents due to arterial complications after pancreatectomy between January 2017 and December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Technical success, clinical success, recurrence, and survival were evaluated to elucidate the practicability of covered stents. Wilson score, Random Forest, logistic regression, and Pearson's chi-square test with bootstrap aggregation were performed for determining the perioperative risk factors for recurrence. Among all fifty-five patients, success stent implantation (technical success) was achieved 100%. Patients who were hemodynamically stabilized without further treatment for artery complications in situ (clinical success) accounted for 89.1%. Based on statistical analysis, pre-stent implantation pancreatic fistula was identified as a robust recurrence-related risk factor for preoperative assessment (p = 0.02, OR = 4.5, 95% CI [1.2, 16.9]; p${}_{bootstrap}$ = 0.02). Post-stent implantation pancreatic fistula (p = 0.01, OR 4.5, 95% CI [1.4, 14.6]; p${}_{bootstrap}$< 0.05) and SMA branches or GDA stumps (p = 0.02, OR 3.4, 95% CI [1.1, 10.3]) were relevant to recurrence. The survival rate during hospitalization was 87.3%. All survivors were free from recurrence during the subsequent follow-up. Vasospasm and stent occlusion were observed as short-term and long-term complications, respectively. A covered stent implantation is a feasible and effective treatment option for post-pancreatectomy arterial complications. Rigorous management of pancreatic fistula, timely detection of problems, sensible strategies during stent implantation, and reasonable anticoagulation therapy are necessary for a better prognosis. A covered stent is feasible for various artery-related complications after pancreatectomy and has an ideal therapeutic effect. Pancreatic fistula during the perioperative period of the covered stent is an independent risk factor for recurrent arterial complications and SMA branches or GDA stumps are prone to be recurrent offending arteries. Rigorous management of pancreatic fistula, timely detection of problems, sensible strategies during stent implantation, and reasonable anticoagulation therapy are necessary for a better prognosis.