QUASI-BIENNIAL MODULATION OF SOLAR NEUTRINO FLUX AND SOLAR AND GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS BY SOLAR CYCLIC ACTIVITY

Using some solar activity indicators such as sunspot areas and green-line coronal emission during the period 1974-2001, we find that the quasi-biennial periodicity is a fundamental mode of solar variability. We provide evidence for the quasi-biennial modulation of the solar neutrino flux, thus supporting the hypothesis of a connection between solar neutrinos and solar magnetic fields, probably through direct interaction with the neutrino magnetic moment. The same periodic modulation has been detected when fluxes of solar energetic protons and galactic cosmic rays are investigated. These modulation results significantly correlate to that of the neutrino flux. Finally, the superposition of the quasi-biennial cycle to the eleven-year cycle can explain the Gnevyshev Gap phenomenon.