An improved formulation of Jaccard's theory of the electric properties of ice

In the standard derivation of Jaccard's theory of the electric properties of ice, no fundamental distinction is made between bound and free charges. This leads to some didactical problems like the ad hoc introduction of the so-called 'configuration vector' Ω. However, when the two types of charges are distinguished, it becomes clear that Ω is redundant and proportional to the polarisation density. We also show that Jaccard's formulation contains a wrong formula for the electric susceptibility and that the correct Φ factor can be derived from a straightforward kinetic approach (which Jaccard failed to do). Graphical abstract:

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