Correlation of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, superconductivity, and spin entanglement in carbon nanotubes

We report successful observation of proximity-induced superconductivity in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) within a diffusive charge transport regime and also show enhancement of spin entanglement in coherent electron pairs of this MWNT as the 1D anisotropy of MWNTs becomes stronger. By reducing length of this MWNT below mean free path, MWNT can exhibit Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behaviors. We show a possibility that Cooper pairs, injected from a superconductor electrode, are separated into individual spin by this TLL. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)