A novel compound bone articular repair material combining deproteinized osteoarticulation with calcium phosphate cement and BMP-9

Highlights: • The CPC/BMP-9 persistently and slowly released BMP-9. • CPC prevented the overlap between the peaks of inflammatory and immune responses of local surgical trauma. • DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 repaired the femoral condylar defects successfully. • DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 had excellent biocompatibility, angiogenicity, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity. The objective of this study was to combine bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9), a protein with good osteogenic and angiogenic activities, with deproteinized osteoarticulation (DPOA). Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) loaded with BMP-9 was coated on the surface and partially filled in the intramedullary cavity of DPOA. A canine femoral condylar defect model was established and implanted with DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 material. DPOA preserved the shape of the femoral condyle and the three-dimensional reticular bone matrix structure. CPC/BMP-9 persistently and slowly released BMP-9. The DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 group was superior to the DPOA/BMP-9 and DPOA groups in the number and maturity of newly formed blood vessels, the number and maturity of bone trabecular structures, and the integrated optical density of the type I collagen-positive area. At 16 weeks after the operation, the newly formed bone trabeculae in the DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 group were well shaped and orderly, forming a lamellar woven bone structure that was tightly connected to the boundary of the host bone, resulting in excellent osteoarticular repair. As a novel compound osteoarticular repair material, DPOA/CPC/BMP-9 has excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and angiogenicity, and it is expected to become an excellent alternative repair material for bone tissue engineering.