Optical planar waveguides in Yb3+-doped phosphate glasses produced by He+ ion implantation

Optical planar waveguides in Yb3+-doped phosphate glasses are fabricated by implanting triple-energy helium ions. The guiding modes and the near-field intensity distribution are measured by using the prism-coupling method and the end-face coupling setup with a He—Ne laser at 633 nm The intensity calculation method (ICM) is used to reconstruct the refractive index profile of the waveguide. The absorption and the fluorescence investigations reveal that the glass bulk features are well preserved in the active volumes of the waveguides, suggesting the fabricated structures for possible applications as waveguide lasers. (electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics)