Dynamical Coupling of a Mean-field Dynamo and Its Wind: Feedback Loop over a Stellar Activity Cycle

We focus on the connection between the internal dynamo magnetic field and the stellar wind. If the star has a cyclic dynamo, the modulations of the magnetic field can affect the wind, which, in turn, can back-react on the boundary conditions of the star, creating a feedback loop. We have developed a 2.5D numerical setup to model this essential coupling. We have implemented an alpha–omega mean-field dynamo in the PLUTO code and then coupled it to a spherical polytropic wind model via an interface composed of four grid layers with dedicated boundary conditions. We present here a dynamo model close to a young Sun with cyclic magnetic activity. First, we show how this model allows one to track the influence of the dynamo activity on the corona by displaying the correlation between the activity cycle, the coronal structure, and the time evolution of integrated quantities. Then we add the feedback of the wind on the dynamo and discuss the changes observed in the dynamo symmetry and wind variations. We explain these changes in terms of dynamo modes; in this parameter regime, the feedback loop leads to a coupling between the dynamo families via a preferred growth of the quadrupolar mode. We also study our interface in terms of magnetic helicity and show that it leads to a small injection in the dynamo. This model confirms the importance of coupling physically internal and external stellar layers, as it has a direct impact on both the dynamo and the wind.