Biological responses to ionizing radiation

Post-nuclear war local and global fall-out distribution and levels are discussed in relation to fission products and neutron activation radionuclides. Tables are presented of the sensitivities of the major ecosystems to ionising radiations, of the sensitivity of dormant seed, of small animals and birds, and of the main factors affecting plant sensitivity to radiation. Representative bioconcentration factors for Co, Cs and Sr for various species are listed, together with whole-body dose estimates to marine biota from 10,000 MT nuclear war. Internal doses, and pathways to humans are discussed. It is concluded that the direct effects of fallout on humans would far exceed the indirect effects resulting from destruction or disturbance of ecological systems. (UK)