Fusion plasma diagnostics by means of atomic emissions in X-ray range

ITER, a fusion reactor will also provide an ample opportunity for advance atomic physic data and understanding. The fusion plasma interactions with the internal machine components will release particles. These impurity elements of low to high atomic numbers, once enter into the plasma boundary and as transport towards the core will undergo numerous atomic processes like excitation, relaxation, recombination, or ionization; and will result in line and continuum emissions from the impurity atoms or ions. Currently application of Tungsten as diverter material is foreseen for ITER. So, there is a need of advancement in atomic modelling for Tungsten as enabling optical and spectroscopy diagnostic designs require extensive simulation data from the emission modelling. India is responsible for delivering two X-ray Crystal Spectrometers to ITER which are based on X-ray spectroscopy (XRCS) of Hydrogen or Helium like ions of low or high Z impurities in the plasmas. The XRCS-Survey, a broad-band X-ray spectrometer, is one of the important diagnostic systems which will be put in the first set of diagnostics on ITER helping the start-up of the plasma operations. The primary function of this spectrometer will be to accurately measure plasma impurity concentration and their in-flux at fast enough rates in order to protect and/or control the machine during all phases of the ITER operations. The XRCS-Edge, a modified Johann spectrometer, is dedicated to measure profiles of ion temperature and poloidal rotation velocity in the plasma edge regions. Edge spectrometer is mainly required for advanced plasma control and will provide valuable data for edge pedestal physics. These systems will have to reliably function in the high neutron environment of the ITER. Preliminary design of the spectrometers is currently on-going and performance has been simulated with the impurity emission data modelled with ADAS atomic database and SANCO impurity transport code. This presentation will focus on the design requirements, and current status of developments in the ITER X-ray spectrometers deliverables by India and an outline of the advances anticipated from the atomic physics modelling. (author)