Uncertainty quantification and scenario generation of future solar photovoltaic price for use in energy system models

Highlights: • Several types of uncertainty should be considered in the energy system model. • Such a model requires a scenario tree for parameters to consider the uncertainty. • A quantitative approach to generate the tree for a technical factor is proposed. • This approach can be applied for future solar photovoltaic module price. -- Abstract: Recently, researchers have recognized the necessity of incorporating uncertainties into energy system models. This has led to the development of stochastic programming-based models. Such models require values of input parameters in the form of a scenario tree to handle the uncertainties. However, there are limited studies that have generated scenario trees for technical factors based on historical data and quantitative methods. This study shows that a scenario tree for a technical factor can be constructed based on quantitative methods and historical data. More specifically, the main contribution of this study is that it proposes an approach to not only quantify the uncertainty of future solar photovoltaic module price by considering the uncertainty in learning rate but also make it into a scenario tree. The approach comprises three steps: (1) stochastic process model estimation, (2) scenario tree generation, and (3) uncertainty quantification. In conclusion, an estimated multivariate autoregressive model can efficiently represent the uncertainty of solar photovoltaic module price. The moment matching method can be applied to generate an appropriate scenario tree for the price. The proposed approach can be applied to other technical factors, and it can help policy makers and practitioners to develop persuasive scenarios for technical factors.