Modelling of ionospheric effects of isolated and complex substorms based on routine magnetic data

A model is presented for forecasting ionosphere during the passage of internal gravitation waves in the periods of substorms; the model enables forecasts of changes in the shadowed ionosphere at subauroral, medium and low latitudes using for this purpose the data on current magnetic state of the auroral zone. Two aspects of ionosphere modelling are considered: isolated substorms and complex substorms consisting of a series of substorms. The modelling of ionospheric effects of the isolated substorms is performed in the form of corrective additions to the available background ionospheric models