Properties and applications of HTS-shielded dielectric resonators: A state-of-the-art report

High temperature superconductor (HTS) shielded dielectric resonators (DRs) have demonstrated to provide quality factors Q between 5 x 105 and several 106 at frequencies up to 20 GHz and levels of dissipated rf power in the range of Watts. As dielectric materials, high purity single crystals of sapphire, LaAlO3, and rutile exhibit sufficiently low microwave losses. There are two main areas of application which are considered to benefit from HTS-shielded DRs, namely low-phase-noise oscillators for radar systems and digital communication, and high-power filters for satellite communication. Projections for phase noise are -145 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset from the carrier frequency, a value of -110 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz was measured recently for an oscillator with a carrier frequency of 5.6 GHz. Modeling of filters based on resonators with Qs in the 106 range indicates their ability to reduce the rf power dissipation apparent in the output multiplexers of communication satellite payloads. Presently, schemes for resonator coupling and tuning while maintaining high Qs are under development