Deep inelastic electron-pomeron scattering at HERA

The idea that the pomeron has partonic structure similar to any other hadron has been given strong support by recent measurements of the diffractive structure function at HERA. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the diffractive structure function under the assumption that the diffractive cross section can be factorized into a pomeron emission factor and the deep inelastic scattering cross section of the pomeron. We pay particular attention to the kinematic correlations implied by this picture, and suggest the measurement of an angular correlation which should provide a first test of the whole picture. We also present two simple phenomenological models for the quark and gluon structure of the pomeron, which are consistent with various theoretical ideas and which give equally good fits to recent measurements by the H1 collaboration, when combined with the pomeron emission factor of Donnachie and Landshoff. We predict that a large fraction of diffractive deep inelastic events will contain charm, and discuss how improved data will be able to distinguish the models. (orig.). With 8 figs