Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquid

In this work, we have prepared cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) by laser ablation in water at different laser energies. The structural and optical properties of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and UV-Vis absorption. XRD results confirmed that the synthesized cerium oxide NPs were crystalline in nature with cubic structure. SEM investigations show that the nanoparticles having a spherical shape with diameter ranged from 26 to 37 nm depending on the laser energy. The antibacterial activity and minimal inhibition concentration of synthesized CeO₂ NPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined. Bacterial adhesion test of cerium oxide NPs was also determined under different incubation temperatures. Cytotoxicity of CeO₂ NP effect against the human throat cancer was studied. The cytotoxicity effect of CeO₂ NPs synthesized at 160 mJ on the cancer cells caused a free radical releasing which causing oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity effects of ceria NPs against human throat cancer (RD rhabdomyosarcoma cell line) and mouse fibroblast L cell (L20B cell line) growth were 33% and 13%, respectively.