Effects of resonant magnetic perturbations on turbulence and transport in DIII-D L-mode plasmas

In this paper we show that resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) affect the L- to H-mode power threshold. We find that during the L-mode phase, RMPs cause the particle pinch to reverse from traditionally inward to outward. As a result, the density at the plasma edge increases, while the density in the plasma core is reduced. Linear stability calculations indicate that the plasma transitions from an ion temperature gradient (ITG) to trapped electron mode (TEM) regime at the plasma edge. If the applied RMP current is below the threshold for penetration and island formation, we find that the changes in the edge radial electric field are minimal, while the carbon toroidal rotation brakes over the whole minor radius. Once the RMP field penetrates and the screening plasma response dissappears, the spin-up of the toroidal rotation at the plasma edge results in a positive radial electric field inside the separatrix. (paper)