Isotopic effect in high temperature superconductors

It is well-known that it essentially contributed to construct the BCB theory that a mechanism on formation of the Cooper pairs was dependent upon a lattice oscillation to change a critical temperature, T(sub c) of a superconductor with isotopic displacement. In this paper, here was, at first, described on an isotopic index actually measured to high temperature superconductors, and was introduced on a study on selective displacement of oxygen position. And then, a detailed measurement of 63-Cu(2) nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) at a plane position of YBa2Cu4O8 (Y1248) displaced with 18-O and 16-O, discussion of the isotopic effect on a base of 63-Cu(2) nuclear spin-lattice relaxation ratio, and consideration on the isotopic index according to the isotopic effect were described. As a result of the considerations, it could be concluded that the isotopic effect in a high temperature superconductor proved that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation was an origin of Cooper pairs cohesive strength. (G.K.)