Radiation in genetic engineering

Radiation as used in genetic engineering involves producing changes in the hereditary units of existing plants and animals by the use of radiation. The desired results of such irradiation is to increase the quality and/or quantity of such plants or animals. The mode of radiation interaction with biological samples or cells is described by the 'Target theory'. This theory considers the radiosensitive portion of the medium as target to be hit by radiation particles. Cellular effect of radiation can be divided into two types, i.e. effect on cell division and effects on cell metabolism. As a result of radiation induced changes to DNA and proteins, visible damage to chromosome can sometimes be seen. Every radiation, even a single beta particle may be of great importance and consequence if it hits a vital component in a particular manner. Hence even normal background radiation induces mutation and may help in the natural evolution process. (A.S.)