Long linear fusion systems

The term ''long linear systems'' has generally been used to denote systems for which the magnetic field configuration is essentially that of a long solenoid, with some perturbations, such as mirrors or cusps, allowed at the ends or in some cases along the length. This term has also been applied to linear plasma columns where the field has azimuthal components in addition, such as linear stabilized Z pinches. At the present time, the long linear open field line systems do not appear to be particularly attractive for pure fusion systems, due primarily to high axial particle and/or energy loss rates as well as other difficulties relating to both physics and technology issues. As fission-fusion hybrid systems the outlook is not so pessimistic and, indeed, linear systems possess virtues that may make them quite attractive for such an application. Based on the relatively poor pure fusion reactor outlook for long linear devices, U.S. Department of Energy support of such work was virtually eliminated at the end of 1979. Certain elements of the linear program having relevance to other ongoing fusion projects were continued, while in other instances, a natural transition was made from open linear systems research to closed system studies