Heat-and-Mass Transfer Intensification in Saturated-Steam Generators in NPP with VVER as a Means for Increasing Efficiency and Reliability

The intensification of steam generation in combination with improvement of the temperature regime, specifically, with the elimination of temperature fluctuations of the loaded components of the apparatus (heat-exchange tubes, warming-medium headers) increases the steam-generation capacity and eliminates the factors causing damage to the structural elements of steam generators. The possibility of intensifying heat-and-mass transfer on the basis of the experience gained in operating steam generators in NPP with VVER (horizontal) and NPP in foreign countries (vertical) is examined. It is concluded on the basis of the analysis that it is expedient to develop a domestically produced apparatus of the vertical type, which will make possible well-founded production of steam generators for NPP with VVER in the future.