Diamonds in space: a brief history and recent laboratory studies

Stardust grains exist in outer space. However, due to their low abundance, structural heterogeneities, and lack of distinct spectroscopic features, unambiguous identification of their chemical composition has been a challenge. Diamond is a notable exception because it is composed of carbon and has several unique physicochemical properties that make the identification possible. Here, we provide a brief review on how diamonds were discovered in space based on the remarkable spectral matching between laboratory spectra and astronomical observations of the infrared emission at 3.43 and 3.53 µm, followed by a discussion of fluorescent nanodiamond as a possible carrier for extended red emission at 600 — 800 nm. Recent evidence to support the latter suggestion is provided. (paper)