O2(1Δ) emission in the day and night airglow of Venus

We have detected an intense airglow from O2(1Δ) at 1.27 μm on both the light and the dark sides of Venus, using a ground-based, high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Both dayglow and nightglow are roughly 1,000 times brighter than the visible O2 nightglow found by Veneras 9 and 10 in 1975. The column emission rate of O2(1Δ) from Venus is close to the rate at which fresh O atoms are produced from photolysis of CO2 on the day side. Formation of O2(1Δ) is thus a major step in the removal of O atoms from the atmosphere, and dynamical processes must carry these atoms to the night side fast enough to yield a maximum density near 90 km, which is almost constant over the planet