Giant radiation-dynamic effects under corpuscular irradiation

Nanoscale dynamic effects and processes occurring in cascade-forming types of learning of condensed matter by heavy ions, neutrons, and fission fragments are considered. The role of these processes is outside the field of vision of classical radiation physics of condensed matter. They were first considered in publications by the author and his colleagues and confirmed by joint work with German colleagues (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany). The sources of the recorded effects are the regions of passage of dense cascades of atomic displacements, thermalized in times of the order of one trillionth of a second (thermal spikes), with giant temperatures and thermal pressures in these regions (T = 3000-6000 K, P = 5-40 GPa). For this reason, it is necessary to take into account shock-wave effects in cascade-forming types of irradiation, together with purely migration processes with the participation of radiation defects, which are taken into account by classical radiation physics. A theory of self-propagating (theoretically over unlimited distances) structural-phase transformations in metastable media initiated by ion bombardment is developed. In practice, this provides: 1) an increase by at least 3-5 orders of magnitude of the linear scale of the effect of ionizing radiation on materials (an increase in the depth of exposure for ions); 2) the temperature of the transformations initiated by irradiation decreases by tens and hundreds of degrees in comparison with similar thermally activated processes; and 3) their rate increases by several orders of magnitude in comparison with thermally and radiation-stimulated migration processes. (authors)