One-step synthesis of SnO₂@rGO–carbon particle framework nanoarchitectures as anode materials for tunable lithium storage properties

Highlights: • SnO₂@rGO–carbon particles framework nanoarchitecture was prepared by facile coprecipitation. • The SnO₂@rGO–carbon particles nanoarchitecture could tune the electrochemical properties. • SnO₂@rGO–BP2000 shows the best cycling performance. • The SnO₂@rGO–carbon particle guarantees effectively lithium ion/electron conductivity. - Abstract: A series of novel nanoarchitectures of SnO₂@rGO–carbon inserted with carbon nanoparticles of BP2000 and KJ600 was successfully prepared by a facile coprecipitation method. TGA, XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectrom analysis are carried out and indicate that SnO₂ nanoparticles and carbon intermediates are uniformly dispersed on graphene nanosheets at a molecular level, forming the framework nanoarchitectures of SnO₂@rGO–carbon particles. SnO₂@rGO–BP2000 delivers a discharge capacity of 1284.4 mAhg⁻¹ and 76% retention of the reversible capacities after 60 cycles at an initial current density of 100 mAg⁻¹. SnO₂@rGO–BP2000 also showed the best rate performance among three anode materials at both high and low rate. The outstanding performance of the SnO₂@rGO–BP2000 is attributed to well-defined morphology with suitable particle size, uniform distribution as well as enough room for the SnO₂ volume expansion based on the graphene–carbon particles framework